Introduction

Energy is an indispensable element for sustaining life and facilitating various processes throughout the universe. On our planet, the sun serves as the ultimate source of all available energy used by humans, animals, plants and microorganisms. This energy can be obtained directly through processes such as photosynthesis, or indirectly through the use of fossil fuels, which store past solar energy and release it when burned.

The importance of energy in our daily lives stems from its fundamental role as a basic human need. It is essential not only for heating and cooling our built environment, but also for performing everyday tasks such as getting out of bed, walking, or moving a finger. Additionally, abundant energy is essential to meet the needs of modern conveniences, including lighting, appliances, and transportation.

In view of the rapid pace of human development and the evolving demands of modern society, it is very important for engineers to have a high level of skill that is in line with contemporary needs. Efforts are being made worldwide to enhance the knowledge and skills of professionals working in the fields of energy production and conservation. The establishment of the Center for Thermal and Renewable Energy Research is a testament to this commitment, which aims to address Pakistan's energy challenges and contribute to the overall global effort in the energy sector.

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Dr Muhammad Aslam Khan

Director

• Centre for Thermal and Renewable Energy Research

Dr Muhammad Arif

Addl. Director

• Centre for Thermal and Renewable Energy Research